Premise II
     In the quantum medium view, the observed gravitational attraction between bodies is a consequence of the following premise.

Presumably a massive body affects the permittivity and permeability of the qm so that the speed of light specified by Eq. (4) is decreased. Possibly massive bodies and other concentrations of mass/energy emit a radiation into the qm which slows the speed of light through the medium. We will assume that massive bodies emit such photon slowing radiation. Therefore, in the vicinity of a massive body the speed at which wave/particle energy is propagated through the qm (cag) is less than ca.
     The slowing of the speed of wave/particle energy through the qm decreases the energy exchange rate in a reference frame or body, similar to the decrease in energy exchange rate caused by the motion of a reference frame or body through the qm. As discussed above, the ratio of a body's energy exchange rate when moving through the qm to its at-rest rate is equal to the body's physical change ratio, rv. Similarly, where the speed of light in the qm is cag, the physical change ratio (rg) is the ratio of the energy exchange rate to the rate where the speed of light is ca.
     The physical change ratio, rg, for a location in the qm affected by a massive body is a function of the mass (m) of the massive body, the distance () from the center of mass of the massive body, and the universal gravitational constant (G) as follows.

(33)

Mass, m, is in kilograms. When distance, , is in LS units, G is 2.47·10^-36. Therefore, at Earth's surface, rg due to Earth's mass is approximately .999999999305 because Earth's mass is about 5.98·10²⁴ kga and Earth's radius is about .021266 LS.
     When rg is close to 1 (as on Earth where rg due to the masses of Earth, Sun, and the rest of our Galaxy is close to 1), rg is closely approximated by Eq. (34).

(34)

Even if Earth's mass were ten million times its present mass, rg on Earth via Eq. (34) would be close to rg via Eq. (33) (.99300 and .99305 respectively). Only in cases of exceptionally large masses combined with small distances (e.g. around a neutron star) does Eq. (34) not give good approximations of rg. Because Eq. (34) can yield rg<0, which is equivalent to qm environments where the speed of light and the rate of energy exchange are negative, it is not consistent with logic. Although Eq. (33) does not predict black holes, it does predict dark attractors that would emit only very weak radiation and would cause gravitational lensing.